Fundamentals of Industrial Measurement

Instrumentation Skills Training

Description: This comprehensive interactive multimedia training program was produced in association with the Instrument Society of America (ISA). This four individual lesson program trains participants in the principles of process control and measurement.

Audience: This program is an excellent entry-level course for engineers, technicians, and operators as well as for the multicraft training needs of process and manufacturing facilities.

Platforms: Online Learning

Number of Courses: 4

Pressure Measurement

Prerequisites:

This lesson is designed for participants familiar with basic mathematical operations including algebra.

Description:

This lesson presents the basic principles of pressure measurement and applications of direct and inferred pressure measurement methods. Various pressure instruments are presented including manometers, mechanical pressure sensors, and transducers.

Objectives:

Recognize the importance of the measurement and control of pressure
Define pressure and determine the pressure exerted by a liquid
Recognize the importance of sensor location in pressure measurement, calculate the force exerted by liquids
Identify the effects of temperature change on the force exerted by a liquid
Identify the factors which determine the force exerted by a gas
Convert various units of pressure measurement to psig, psia, InH2O, and InHg using a conversion table
Calculate differential pressure
Recognize the effect of atmospheric pressure on pressure measurement
State the principle of operation of closed and open manometers
Identify the types of manometers and the considerations for their safe and effective use
Describe the principle of operation for elastic elements
Explain how the movement of a sensing element can be used to produce a pneumatic and electrical signal
Describe the operation of mechanical to electrical transducers

Flow Measurement

Prerequisites:

This lesson is designed for participants familiar with basic mathematical operations including algebra.

Description:

This lesson describes the properties of fluids that are a factor in the measurement of their flow. In addition, the lesson explains how differential pressure measurements can be used to determine flow rate. Various types of flow measurement devices and their principles of operation are also discussed.

Objectives:

Recognize the effect of temperature and pressure on the density and volume of a liquid and a gas
Describe the effects of temperature on viscosity and how viscosity affects flow
Describe laminar flow, turbulent flow, and transitional flow
Describe the application of the Reynolds Number to flow measurement
Identify variables that affect mass flow rate
Describe how static pressure is converted to kinetic energy
Explain Bernoulli’s law as it applies to differential pressure flow measurements
Explain the necessity of an expansion factor in differential pressure flow measurements of a gas
Describe how an orifice-type differential pressure flow device measures flow
Explain how a beta ratio is determined and its application to flow measurements
Identify the location of high and low pressure taps in an orifice run
Describe the design and operation of Venturi tube, flow nozzle, and Pitot tube differential pressure flow devices
Explain the difference between closed and open systems
Describe the design and operation of weir and flume head-type differential pressure flow devices
Describe the design and operation of vortex shedding, magnetic, ultrasonic, rotary vane, turbine, and Coriolis mass flowmeters
Describe the operational principles of positive displacement flowmeters
Describe how an inferential mass flow measurement differs from a true mass flow measurement

Temperature Measurement

Prerequisites:

This lesson is designed for participants familiar with basic mathematical operations including algebra.

Description:

This lesson presents the basic principles of temperature measurement and the application of temperature measuring instruments. Various temperature measuring instruments are discussed including thermometers, pyrometers, thermocouples, resistance temperature detectors, and thermistors.

Objectives:

Recognize the importance of temperature measurement and control
Identify the principle of kinetic energy with a graph of molecular movement
Identify four scales used to indicate temperature
Define heat transfer in terms of conversion, conduction, and radiation
Define response time, stem loss, and radiation error
Identify the effect that inserting a sensor in a thermowell will have on the sensor’s temperature measurement and its response time
Identify the effect that thermal shunting will have on temperature measurement
Describe the principles of operation for a liquid in glass thermometer
Thermal bulb, and a bimetallic thermometer
Describe the principle of operation for an optical and ratio pyrometer
Identify the reference and measuring junctions in a drawing representing a thermocouple
Identify the negative wire in a type J thermocouple
Identify the components of a thermocouple assembly when a thermocouple is inserted in a thermowell
Explain how a thermopile is used to produce greater output in response to smaller temperature change
Identify the use and application of thermocouples joined in parallel
State the principle of operation for a resistance temperature detector
Identify the bridge circuit’s operation in an RTD to measure temperature
Identify the effect strain will have on a resistance temperature detector
Identify the type, design considerations, and strain on various types of RTDs
Identify a voltage divider circuit’s operation in a thermistor circuit to measure temperature
State the principle of operation for a thermistor

Level Measurement

Prerequisites:

This lesson is designed for participants familiar with basic mathematical operations including algebra.

Description:

This lesson describes the fundamentals of level measurement and the sensors employed. Applications for both direct and indirect level measurement are covered including float-type devices, hydrostatic head and differential pressure measurements, as well as electrical, ultrasonic, and radiation instruments.

Objectives:

Recognize the importance of measuring and controlling level
Describe what an interface is and list some of the types of interfaces that may be measured for level indication
List common measurement units of level
Define direct and indirect level measurement and some types and applications of these methods
Define continuous level and point level measurement
Describe how sight glasses operate to measure liquid level
Describe how dipsticks, weighted lines, and float-type instruments can be used to gage level
Define hydrostatic head pressure and explain how it can be used to measure the height of liquid
Calculate the height of the liquid in inches with a head pressure and specific gravity
Describe configurations using hydrostatic head to measure level in open tanks
Describe how differential pressure can be used to measure level in closed-tank applications using a dry or wet leg
Explain how level can be measured using electrical capacitance or resistance
Describe two ways the level of granular solids and powders can be measured
Describe some non-invasive level measurement methods that use ultrasonic and radiation detectors
Describe the basic operation of one type of fiber optic level measurement instrument for point level measurement

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Fundamentals of Industrial Measurement

Instrumentation Skills Training

Pressure Measurement

Flow Measurement

Temperature Measurement

Level Measurement

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